%%::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
%%
%%    This file is part of ICTP RegCM.
%%    
%%    Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can
%%    be found in the LICENSE file or at
%%
%%         https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
%%
%%    ICTP RegCM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
%%    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%%    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
%%
%%::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

% Abreviations
@string{anngeo="Ann. Geophysicae"}
@string{atres="Atmos. Res."}
@string{atenv="Atmos. Environ."}
@string{acp="Atmos. Chem. Phys."}
@string{bams="Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."}
@string{blm="Bound.-Layer Meteor."}
@string{cdyn="Climate Dynamics"}
@string{climres="Climate Res."}
@string{conatm="Contrib. Atmos. Physics"}
@string{grl="Geophys. Res. Lett."}
@string{ijrs="Int. J. Remote Sens."}
@string{ijc="Int. J. Climatol."}
@string{jam="J. Appl. Meteor."}
@string{jamc="J. Appl. Meteor. Clim"}
@string{jas="J. Atmos. Sci."}
@string{jc="J. Climate"}
@string{jaot="J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech."}
@string{jpo="J. Physical Ocean."}
@string{jgr="J. Geophys. Res."}
@string{jgra="J. Geophys. Res. Atmosph."}
@string{jgrb="J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."}
@string{jhydro="J. Hydrol."}
@string{jhydromet="J. Hydrometeor."}
@string{jmsj="J. Meteor. Soc. of Japan"}
@string{nat="Nature"}
@string{malj="Malaria Journal"}
@string{map="Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."}
@string{memo="Meteor. Monogr."}
@string{metapps="Meteor. Appl."}
@string{mwr="Mon. Wea. Rev."}
@string{mz="Meteorol. Zeitschrift"}
@string{pnas="Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."}
@string{asl="Atmos. Sci. Letters"}
@string{qjrmsqj="Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."}
@string{qjrms="Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."}
@string{revgeo="Rev. Geophys."}
@string{wrs="Water Resour. Res."}
@string{tr="Tech. Rep."}
@string{tellus="Tellus"}
@string{thac="Theor. and Appl. Climatol."}
@string{scis="Sciences"}
@string{sci="Science"}
@string{wf= "Wea. and Forecasting"}
@string{weath= "Weather"}


@Article{Anthes_72,
  author =    {Anthes, R. A.},
  title =    {The development of asymmetries in a three-dimensional
              numerical model of the tropical cyclone},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    {1972},
  volume =    {100},
  pages =    {401-476}
}

@Article{Anthes_77,
  author =    {Anthes, R. A.},
  title =    {A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a
                  one-dimensional cloud model},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    {1977},
  volume =    {105},
  pages =    {270-286}
}

@Article{Anthes_78,
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                  pollution and other mesometeorological studies},
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@Article{Anthes_80,
  author =    {Anthes, R. A. and N. L. Seaman and T. T. Warner},
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@TechReport{Anthes_87,
  author =    {Anthes, R. A. and E. Y. Hsie and Y. -H. Kuo},
  title =    {Description of the Penn State / NCAR mesoscale model version 4
                  (MM4), NCAR Tech. Note. NCAR/TN-282},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year =    {1987},
  key =    {},
  type =    {},
  number =    {NCAR/TN-282},
  address =    {},
  month =    {},
  note =    {},
  annote =    {}
}

@Article{Arakawa_74,
  author =    {Arakawa, A. and W. H. Schubert},
  title =    {Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large scale
                  environment, {P}art {I}},
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  year =    {1974},
  volume =    {31},
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}

@InCollection{Arakawa_93,
  author =       {Arakawa, A.},
  title =        {The closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization
                  probleme {B}etts-{M}iller scheme, {C}hapter 1},
  booktitle =    {The representation of cumulus convection in numerical
                  models of the atmosphere},
  publisher =    {American Meteorological Society},
  year =         {1993},
  series =       {(Eds. K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond),Meteo. Mon.},
  pages =        {1-16}
}

@Article{Barnston_03,
  author =    {A. G. Barnston and S. J. Mason and L. Goddard and
                  D. G. DeWitt and S. E. Zebiak},
  title =    {Multimodel ensembling in seasonal climate forecasting at
                  {IRI}},
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  year =    {2003},
  volume =    {84},
  pages =    {1783-1796}
}

@Article{Bates_90,
  author =    {G. T. Bates},
  title =    {A case study of the effects of topography on cyclone
                  development in the western united states},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    {1990},
  volume =    {118},
  pages =    {1808-1825}
}

@Article{Bates_93,
  author =    {G. T. Bates and F. Giorgi and S. W. Hostetler},
  title =    {Towards the simulation of the effects of the {G}reat {L}akes
                  on regional climate},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    {1993},
  volume =    {121},
  pages =    {1373-1387}
}

@Article{Bates_95,
  author =    {Bates, G. T. and S. W. Hostetler and F. Giorgi},
  title =    {Two-year simulation of the {G}reat {L}akes region with a
                  coupled modeling system},
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  year =    {1995},
  volume =    {},
  pages =    {1505-1522}
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@Article{Beheng_94,
  author =    {Beheng, K. D.},
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                  processes},
  journal =    {Atmos. Res.},
  year =    {1994},
  volume =    {33},
  pages =    {193-206}
}

@Article{Betts_82,
  author =       {Betts, A. K.},
  title =        {Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates},
  journal =       {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year =         {1982},
  volume =       {39},
  pages =        {2182-2191}
}

@Article{Betts_86,
  author =       "Betts, A. K.",
  title =        "A new convective adjustment scheme. {P}art {I}:
                  Observational and theoretical basis",
  journal =       {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "112",
  pages =        "667-691",
}

@Article{Betts_87,
  author =       "Betts, A. K. and Harshavardhan",
  title =        "Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback
                  in climate models",
  journal =       {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =         "1987",
  volume =       "92",
  pages =        "8483-8485",
}

@InCollection{Betts_93,
  author =       "Betts, A. K. and Miller, M. J.",
  title =        "The {B}etts-{M}iller scheme, {C}hapter 9",
  booktitle =    "The representation of cumulus convection in numerical
                  models of the atmosphere",
  publisher =    "American Meteorological Society",
  year =         "1993",
  series =       "(Eds. K. A. Emanuel and D. J. Raymond),Meteo. Mon.",
  pages =        "107-121",
}

@InCollection{Betts_97,
  author =       "Betts, A. K.",
  title =        "The parameterization of deep convection",
  booktitle =    "The physics and parameterization of moist atmospheric
                  convection",
  publisher =    "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  year =         "1997",
  editor =       "Smith, R.K.",
  pages =        "255-279",
}

@Article{Blackadar_79,
  author =    {Blackadar, A. K.},
  title =    {Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the
                  growth of nocturnal inversions},
  journal =    {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =    {1979},
  volume =    {38},
  pages =    {283-290}
}

@InBook{Blackadar_79b,
  ALTauthor =    {Blackadar, A. K.},
  ALTeditor =    {J.R. Pfaffin and E.N. Ziegler},
  title =    {High resolution models of the planetary boundary layer in
                  Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering},
  chapter =    {},
  publisher =    {Gordon and Breach, Newark, N.J.},
  year =    {1979},
  pages =    {50-85}
}

@Article{Briegleb_92,
  author =    {Briegleb, B. P.},
  title =    {Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR
                  Community Climate Model},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    {1992},
  volume =    {97},
  pages =    {7603-7612}
}

@Article{Anthes_89,
  author =    {Anthes, R. A. and Y. -H. Kuo and S. Low-Nam and  E. -Y. Hsie
                  and T. M. Bettge},
  title =    {Estimation of episodic and climatological skill and
                  uncertainty in regional numerical models},
  journal =    {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =    {1989},
  volume =    {115},
  pages =    {763-806}
}

@Article{Barros_02,
  author =    {Barros, V. R. and Doyle, M. and Gonz{\'a}lez,M. and
                  Bejar{\'a}n, R. and Caffera, R.},
  title =    {Climate variability over subtropical {S}outh {A}merica and
                  the {S}outh {A}merican monsoon system: A review},
  journal =    {Meteorologica},
  year =    2002,
  volume =   27,
  pages =   {33-58}
}

@Article{Berbery_02,
  author =       {Berbery, E. H. and V. R. Barros},
  title =        {The hydrologic cycle of the {L}a {P}lata {B}asin in {S}outh
                  {A}merica.},
  journal =      {J. Hydrometeorology},
  year =         2002,
  volume =       3,
  pages =        {630-645}
}

@Article{Berbery_00,
  author =    {E. H. Berbery and E. A. Collini},
  title =    {Springtime precipitation and water vapor flux over
                  southeastern {S}outh {A}merica},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev},
  year =    2000,
  volume =   124,
  pages =   {2322-2339}
}

@Article{Betts_86,
  author =    {Betts, A. K. and Miller, M. J.},
  title =    {A new convective adjustment scheme. Part  {II}: Single column
                  tests usgin {GATE} wave, {BOMEX}, and arctic air-mass data
                  sets},
  journal =    {Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =    1986,
  volume =   12,
  pages =   {693-709}
}

@Article{Black_94,
  author =    {Black, T. L.},
  title =    {The new {NMC} mesoscale {E}ta model: Description and forecast
                  examples},
  journal =    {Wea. Forecasting},
  year =    1994,
  volume =   9,
  pages =   {265-278}
}

@Article{Cavalcanti_02,
  author =    {Cavalcanti, I. F. A. and  Marengo, J. A. and Satyamurty,
                  P. and others},
  title =    {Global climatological features in a simulation using the
                  {CPTEC-COLA AGCM}},
  journal =    {J. Climate},
  year =    2002,
  volume =   15,
  number =   21,
  pages =   {2965-2988}
}

@Misc{Cavalcanti_05,
  author =   {Cavalcanti, I. F. A. and others},
  title =   {Seasonal Forecasts in {SAMS}},
  howpublished = {VAMOS Modeling Workshop},
  month =   {March},
  year =   2005,
  note =   {{M}exico City}
}

@Article{ChaNob.04,
  author =       {R. R. Chaves and P. Nobre},
  title =        {Interactions between sea surface temperature over the {S}outh
                  {A}tlantic {O}cean and the {S}outh {A}tlantic convergence
                  zone.},
  journal =      {Geophys. Res. Lett.},
  year =         2004,
  volume =       L03204,
  note =        {doi: 10.1029/2000JD00307}
}

@Article{Chen_97,
  author =    {Chen, F. and Janjic, Z. and Mitchell, K. },
  title =    {Impact of atmospheric surface layer parameterizations in the
                  new land surface scheme of the {NCEP} mesoscale eta model},
  journal =    {Bound-Layer Meteor.},
  year =    1997,
  volume =   85,
  pages =   {391-421}
}

@Article{Chiang_02,
  author =        {J. H. C. Chiang and J. Kushnir and A. Giannini},
  title =         {Deconstructing the {A}tlantic {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence
                   {Z}one variability:  Influence of the local cross-equatorial
                   sea surface temperature gradient and remote forcing from the
                   eastern equatorial {P}acific.},
  journal =      {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =         2002,
  volume =       107,
  note =        {doi: 10.1029/2000JD000270}
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@Article{Collier_04,
  author =    {Collier, J. C. and Bowman, K. P.},
  title =    {Diurnal cycle of tropical precipitation in a general
                  circulation model},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    2004,
  volume =   109,
  pages =   {1-20},
  note =   {D17105},
  annote =   {doi:10.1029/2004JD004818}
}
@Article{Dai_99,
  author =    {Dai, Aiguo and F. Giorgi and K. E. Trenberth},
  title =    {Observed and model-simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation
                  over the contiguous United States},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    {1999},
  volume =    {104},
  pages =    {6377-6402},
}

@Article{Davies_77,
  author =    {Davies, H. C. and R. E. Turner},
  title =    {Updating prediction models by dynamical relaxation:
                  An examination of the technique},
  journal =    {Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.},
  year =    {1977},
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@Article{Deardoff_78,
  author =    {Deardoff, J. W.},
  title =    {Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and
                  moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation},
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  year =    {1978},
  volume =    {83},
  pages =    {1889-1903}
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@InBook{Dickinson_84,
  author =    {Dickinson, R. E.},
  ALTeditor =    {Hansen, J.E. and T. Takahashi},
  title =    {Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity},
  chapter =    {Modeling evapotranspiration processes for three-dimensional
                  global climate models},
  publisher =    {American Geophysical Union},
  year =    {1984},
  pages =    {52-72}
}

@TechReport{Dickinson_86,
  author =    {Dickinson, R. E. and P. J. Kennedy and A. Henderson-Sellers
                  and M. Wilson},
  title =    {Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR
                  Community Climate Model},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year =    {1986},
  number =    {NCARE/TN-275+STR}
}

@article{Daley,
  author = { Roger   Daley },
  title = {The application of non?linear normal mode initialization to an operational forecast model},
  journal = {Atmosphere-Ocean},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97-124},
  year  = {1979},
  publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
  doi = {10.1080/07055900.1979.9649054},
  url = { https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1979.9649054 },
  eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1979.9649054 }
}

@Article{Dickinson_89,
  author =    {Dickinson, R. E. and R. M. Errico and F. Giorgi and
                  G. T. Bates},
  title =    {A regional climate model for the western {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal =    {Climatic Change},
  year =    {1989},
  volume =    {15},
  pages =    {383-422}
}

@TechReport{Dickinson_93,
  author =    {Dickinson, R. E. and A. Henderson-Sellers and P. J. Kennedy},
  title =    {Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) version 1E as
                  coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model},
  institution =  {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
  year =    {1993},
  key =    {},
  type =    {},
  number =    {},
  address =    {},
  month =    {},
  note =    {},
  annote =    {}
}

@Article{Dai_99,
  author =    {Dai, A. and Giorgi, F. and Trenberth, K. E.},
  title =    {Observed and model simulated diurnal cycles of precipitation
                  over the contiguous {U}nited {S}tates},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    1999,
  volume =   104,
  number =   {D6},
  pages =   {6377-6402},
  note =   {98JD02720}
}

@Article{Dai_04,
  author =    {Dai, A. and Trenberth, K. E.},
  title =    {The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the {C}ommunity
                  {C}limate {S}ystem {M}odel},
  journal =    {J. Climate},
  year =    2004,
  volume =   17,
  pages =   {930-951}
}

@Article{Emanuel_91,
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  title =  {A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale
            models},
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  number =   21,
  pages =   {2313-2335}
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@InBook{Emanuel_94,
  author =    {Emanuel, K. A.},
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  title =    {Atmospheric Convection},
  chapter =    {},
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  year =    {1994},
  pages =    {580}
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@ARTICLE{Emanuel_99,
  author  = {Emanuel, K. A. and M. Zivkovic-Rothman},
  title   = {Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in
             climate models},
  year    = {1999},
  journal = {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  volume  = {56},
  pages   = {1766-1782}
} 

@TECHREPORT{Errico_88,
  author  = {Errico, R. M. and Bates, G. T.},
  title   = {Implicit Normal-Mode Initialization of the {PSU}/{NCAR}
             {M}esoscale {M}odel},
  year    = {1988},
  note = {pp. 112},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado},
  number  = {TN-312+IA},
  institution ={NCAR},
}

@Misc{Falvey_04,
  author =   {Falvey, M. and Garreaud, R.},
  title =   {Variability of moisture and convection over the central
                  {A}ndes during {SALLJEX}},
  howpublished = {CLIVAR Exchanges},
  month =   {March},
  year =   2004
}

@Article{Fouquart_80,
  author =       {Y. Fouquart and B. Bonnel},
  title =        {Computation of solar heating of the {E}arth's atmosphere:
                  A new parameterization},
  journal =      {Beitr. Phys. Atmos.},
  year =         1980,
  volume = 53,
  pages = {35-62}
}

@Article{Fritsch_80,
  author =    {Fritsch, J. M. and C. F. Chappell},
  title =    {Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale
                  pressure systems.  Part I: Convective parameterization},
  journal =    {J. Atmos. Sci.},
  year =    {1980},
  volume =    {37},
  pages =    {1722-1733},
}

@Article{Gan_04,
  author =    {Gan, M. A. and V. E. Kousky and C. F. Ropelewski},
  title =    {The {S}outh {A}merican {M}onsoon circulation and its
                  relationship to rainfall over west-central {B}razil},
  journal =    {J. Climate},
  year =    2004,
  volume =   17,
  number =   1,
  pages =   {47-66}
}

@Article{Gates_99,
  author =    {Gates, W. L. and Boyle, J. S. and Covey, C. and others},
  title =    {An overview of the results of the {A}tmospheric {M}odel
                  {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({AMIP I})},
  journal =    {Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.},
  year =    1999,
  volume =   80,
  number =   1,
  pages =   {29-55}
}

@Article{Garreaud_97,
  author =    {Garreaud, R. D. and Wallace, J. M.},
  title =    {The diurnal march of convective cloudiness over the
                  {A}mericas},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    1997,
  volume =   125,
  pages =   {3157-3171}
}

@Article{Ghan_96,
  author =    {Ghan, S. J. and Bian, X. and Corsetti, L.},
  title =    {Simulation of the {G}reat {P}lains low level jet and
                  associated cloud fields by general circulation models},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    1996,
  volume =   124,
  pages =   {1388-1408}
}

@Article{Giorgi_02,
  author =    {Giorgi, F. and X. Q. Bi and Y. Qian},
  title =    {Radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of 
                  anthropogenic aerosols over {E}ast {A}sia:  A regional coupled
                  climate-chemistry/aerosols model study},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    {2002},
  key =    {},
  volume =    {107},
  number =    {},
  pages =    {},
  month =    {},
  note =    {},
  annote =    {}
}

@Article{Giorgi_03,
  author =    {Giorgi, F. and Raquel Francisco and Jeremy S. Pal},
  title =    {Effects of a Subgrid-Scale Topography and Land Use Scheme on
                  the Simulation of Surface Climate and Hydrology.  Part 1:
                  Effects of Temperature and Water Vapor Disaggregation.},
  journal =    {Journal of Hydrometeorology},
  year =    {2003},
  key =    {},
  volume =    {4},
  number =    {},
  pages =    {317-333},
  month =    {},
  note =    {},
  annote =    {}
}

@Article{Giorgi03b,
  author =    {Giorgi, F. and X. Q. Bi and Y. Qian},
  title =    {Indirect vs. direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate on the
                  climate of East Asia as simulated with a regional coupled 
                  climate-chemistry/aerosol model},
  journal =    {Climatic Change},
  year =    {2003},
  key =    {},
  volume =    {58},
  number =    {},
  pages =    {345-376},
  month =    {},
  note =    {},
  annote =    {}
}

@Article{Giorgi_89,
  author =    {Giorgi, F.},
  title =    {Two-dimensional simulations of possible mesoscale effects of
                  nuclear war fires},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
  year =    {1989},
  volume =    {94},
  pages =    {1127-1144},
}

@Article{Giorgi_89b,
  author =    {Giorgi, F. and G. T. Bates},
  title =    {The climatological skill of a regional model over complex
                  terrain},
  journal =    {Mon. Wea. Rev.},
  year =    {1989},
  volume =    {117},
  pages =    {2325-2347},
}

@Article{Giorgi_90,
  author =    {Giorgi, F.},
  title =    {Simulation of regional climate using a limited area model
                  nested in a general circulation model},
  journal =    {J. Climate},
  year =    {1990},
  volume =    {3},
  pages =    {941-963}
}

@Article{Giorgi_90b,
  author =    {Giorgi, F. and M. R. Marinucci and G. Visconti},
  title =    {Use of a limited-area model nested in a general circulation
                  model for regional climate simulation over Europe},
  journal =    {J. Geophys. Res.},
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